Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On Adolescents Essay - 2258 Words

It is legal in the United States to consume alcohol once a person reaches twenty-one years of age. However, that does not necessarily mean that a person doesn’t drink at all before it is legal for them. In fact, alcohol is the most commonly abused substance by adolescents (Mason and Spoth 2012; Schwinn and Schinke 2014), and use has been on the rise in the past decades. Alcohol use has been shown to increase with age, typically with it peaking during late adolescents (Poulin and Denault 2012). It begins with early onset, usually before age thirteen. This can develop into problem drinking and eventually alcohol abuse as early as age twenty-one (Mason and Spoth 2012). This knowledge is shared with parents, who may then conclude that adolescent drinking is happening right under their nose. This is not always the case. In a study done by McGillicuddy et al. (2012), they looked at the agreement between parent and adolescent reports on the adolescent’s alcohol use. That is, they asked parents and adolescents to report on how much the adolescent drank and compared the reports. What they found was that reports were in â€Å"poor† agreement regarding if the adolescent used alcohol at all, and were â€Å"fair-to-good† regarding alcohol consumption. Oftentimes, the parent overestimated use or reported they were using when the adolescent reported no use. This helps to show that parents may overestimate their adolescent’s alcohol use. It does not take away from the fact thatShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Effects Of Adolescent Substance Abuse1469 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent substance abuse is one of the largest issues faced by our society today. According to Teenrehab.com, nearly 50% of all high school seniors have abused some form of illicit substance and according to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism nearly 70% of 18 year olds have at the least tried alcohol. Many more adolescents are trying, and getting addicted to, drugs every year. In my opinion this is one of the most critical issues that we have to address as a society. Summary Response:Read MoreA Research Study On Alcohol Abuse836 Words   |  4 Pagesdeterminants of 8th and 10th graders’ alcohol abuse would be conducted using a nationally representative sample from the Monitoring the Future study to understand its pathways. It is expected that Bandura’s concept of â€Å"reciprocal determinism† related to Social Learning Theory (1978) and Life Course Theory (Elder, 1998) as developmental theory will help explain that victimization (a risk factor) as a direct or indirect predictor of adolescents’ alcohol abuse, as well as interpersonal relationshipRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Substance Abuse1656 Words   |  7 PagesHeader: Substance Abuse Adolescent Substance Abuse Dana Sweitzer Liberty University Abstract Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem in society. There are many risk factors that can contribute to adolescent substance abuse. One of the main risk factors is peer pressure. When adolescents start at a young age there is an increase in health problems, addiction, and over all poor social outcomes. Parental influence has substantial effect on adolescents because the adolescent sees their parentsRead MoreRelationship Between Alcohol And Parenting Styles And Alcohol Abuse Among College Students1707 Words   |  7 Pages Review of Literature The study conducted by Changalwa, C, Ndurumo, M, Barasa, P, Poipoi, 4 (2012) is on the relationship between parenting styles and alcohol abuse among college Students in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between alcohol abuse and parenting style. The study was based on Erik Erikson psychosocial theory (1950). The sample consisted of 32 respondents out of 1000 students who were sampled using purposive sampling wasRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 Pagesbut it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability to be competent parental figures. Drug addiction is a problem that is becoming much too common within families. As addiction rates have increased dramatically and drug related deaths areRead MoreThe Correlation Between Abused Adolescence And Addiction1152 Words   |  5 Pagesregards to his or her neurodevelopment. Adolescents believe that they are mature individuals with the ability to make intelligent decisions without any direction or guidance from anyone else. This is very alarming considering that the adolescent is very impulsive in his or her decision making abilities, instead of reasoning through the negatives and positives regarding his or her final decision regarding an issue or situation he or she is presented with. Adolescents are not always aware or concerned withRead MoreWhat Does The Strength Perspective Can Be Beneficial? Adolescents?1285 Words   |  6 Pagesadolescents relate to the clinician that is working with them. This could be because strengths based is a positive perspective that is meant to encourage and teach the teens how to cope. Strengths based perspective is also known to help open up adolescent’s ability to talk with their parents and can also decrease negative behaviors. After the five week treatment was complete the adolescent where asked to talk about their experience and what they liked most about the strengths based perspectiveRead More Alcohol and its effects Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol is a large part of American culture. All over the United States drinking is not only acceptable but a social norm from teenagers to adults. This is not only the case in the U.S., but all over the world, where some drinking ages are 18 and 19 years of age. In America specifically, alcohol has been around for centuries and is a large part of many social gatherings. Although this is the case now, in the early 1900’s during the prohibition period, all alcohol was banned and deemed illegal toRead MoreParental Supervision and Adolescent Drinking Behavior1591 Words   |  7 PagesI. Hypothesis. The purpose of this research is to find out if parental supervision has an influence in adolescents’ drinking behavior. II. Literature Review. Research suggests that parents play an important role in the lives of children. Some of these parents have a negative or positive influence on the lives of the children. Shin, Edwards, Heeren, Amodeo (2009) stated that in the United Stated nearly 3.3 million referrals were made to state and local child protective servicesRead MoreNotes On Adolescence And Substance Use Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore adulthood. Risky behaviors can include drug or alcohol use or abuse (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). This paper will examine the relationship between adolescences and alcohol use, and the effect that alcohol have on the developing brain. As well as, how a healthy spiritual development can effect substance use in adolescences. In addition, it will discuss the issue of local drug or alcohol use, and examine the presence of drugs or alcohol within the community. Finally, it will examine and analyze

The Rise Of The Roman Empire - 973 Words

Through history many can see how empires grew and became successful. Many empires were so successful because of their leaders and their philosophies. Empires often had good runs and would be running successful until a stronger and more powerful empire would bring them down. One empire that was known as the most advanced both socially and politically in the western civilization was the Roman Empire. At about 285 CE the empire was so greatly advanced that the Roman central government could no longer rule the empire on its own. The Roman Empire had its really high point but eventually around 400 CE the empire fell. The Roman Empire had about five hundred years of being at the top of others. The Roman Empire took off in 31 BCE when Augustus Caesar, who was the first emperor of Rome. Augustus Caesar was the nephew of Julius Caesar, he was given the title of emperor because he managed to get rid of the Romans enemies and he brought on the balance that was much needed in order to grow for t he Romans. He was emperor of Rome from 31 BCE till 14 CE. He was able to numerous positive changes for this empire starting with improving the laws, arranging new land within the empire, started building new structures and ultimately creating a much stronger empire. When Augustus Caesar passed away in 14 CE he left a very strong mark in history. His quote describing the Roman Empire â€Å" found Rome the city of clay but left it a city of marble†. This quote although short speaks volumes becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Roman Empire2740 Words   |  11 Pagesone thing comes to mind, the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was one of the greatest empires of all time. The span of the Roman Empire grew from itself outward to the countries of England, Africa, Spain, and even Syria. The Roman Empire covered a vast area of land, with ambitions of continued growth. The Roman Empire rose to glory in 27 BC. The rise of the Roman Empire began with its military forces and its many emperor’s reign. The society and life of Romans were also affected by the empire’sRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire Essay1875 Words   |  8 PagesConstantine was the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity. He started his reign in 307 AD. During this time the Roman Empire was still composed mainly of pagans. Although the population of Christians was on the rise, in the beginning of the fourth century, Christians made up only 10 percent of the population in the Roman Empire. There were approximately five million Christians in the Roman Empire meaning that they were still the minority (Waldron). His conversion was an important turningRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1494 Words   |  6 Pagescentral Europe and occupied by several Celtic tribes in pre-Roman times. The land was claimed by the Roman Empire once the Celtic tribe Noricum fell to the Empire and became a providence. Once the Roman Empire gained control of the area, it soon set up a Military camp on the eastern side of the providence calling it the Upper Pannonia providence which was the home for 50,000 people for nearly 400 years. After the fall of the Roman Empire; Charlemagne, King of the Franks, had control of the land atRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire2506 Words   |  11 PagesOne of the greatest empires to have existed in ancient human history is undoubtedly the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire maintained very sophisticated governmental policies. Not only were they responsible for groundbreaking political systems, Rome was very technologically advanced as well. Rome would lay a foundation for civilizations to come with the innovative political and technological breakthroughs they experienced. Unfortunately for Rome, the higher the rise also meant the harder the fall. RomeRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire2137 Words   |  9 Pagesas the Roman Empire was nearly compromised after the German Visigoths and their leader, Alaric, invaded it in 410 AD. This invasion of the newly Christian Empire that was supposed to be invincible shattered the confidence of the Romans and subsequently led them to question the power of their new single God. The Roman Empire has previously been a Pagan empire, but Constantine the Great converted the empire to Christianity less than a century before the Visigoths captured Rome. Many Romans were skepticalRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1864 Words   |  8 PagesJulius Caesar , a Roman general and statesman he turned the Roman republic into a powerful Roman Empire. A coup ended his reign , and his powerful life , on the Ides Of March. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, Caesar, Cr assus, and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservativeRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire is widely regarded as one of, if not the most dominant government to ever exist. Early civilization in Europe was dominated by the Romans, and their constantly growing empire. With the help of Greek political ideas, the Romans adopted one very similar where supreme power is held by the people from their elected representatives. These representatives were a part of the Senate, where all political laws were made and enforced, very similar idea to the type of Senate that existsRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1224 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence to affect the Roman world. Constantine came to power in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire as an advocate of religious toleration. Constantine’s advocacy for religious toleration alongside his conversion marks a turning point of the Roman world and drives the spread Christianity. With Diocletian’s abdication in 305 A.D., Constantine’s troops acclaimed him as Caesar. The age of persecution began in 303 A.D. under Diocletian as an effort to rid the Roman Empire of Christians. It wasRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire863 Words   |  4 Pagesanyone who did not speak Greek. During the decline of the Roman Empire, many barbaric tribes took the opportunity to attack. The migration of barbarians closer to Rome put stress on an already stressed Roman government. The increased tension eventually lead to an outbreak of wars. In 410 Rome was sacked by the Visigoths—lead by Alaric—and was attacked again in 455 but the Vandals (â€Å"Dining With Attila the Hun, 448†). Attacks on the Roman Empire by the Huns did not start until the middle of the 5th centuryRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1611 Words   |  7 PagesRome was an empire with extremely high aspirations and expectations from. Its founders chose to steal women from neigh boring villages, in order to grow its population. These aggressive and expansionary ideologies remained within the personalities of every Roman, living inside the great empire 755 years later. And yet despite its vast military presence and growing cities and towns, the Roman Empire and its capital still succumbed to a barbarian takeover. This was widely regarded as one of the greatest

Effective Organizational Structure for Strategic Goals & Structural Is

Introduction The goal of the study is to have an in-depth analysis into the organizational structure, its relevance, importance, and its impact over the culture, brand value, sales, and success of the organization. This report will take into consideration various arenas of organizational structure of Samsung Electronics. It will cover the type of organizational structure followed, its impact over the present sales and success, problems and issues which act as a hindrance in in organizational development and classification of Samsung according to the Mintezberg theorem. Samsung has evolved as a worlds leading brand resonating with the global leadership and success ladder. It is the worlds topmost leader in smartphone production, second leader as a technological organization and a brand that is ranked among top ten of the world. The diverse perspectives, cutting-edge technologies, innovation, and bold investments are the catalysts for growth and tremendous success. This South Korean electronics multinational paved its path as a subsidiary of Samsung group from 1969. There are a plethora of products such as batteries, semiconductors, hard drives, televisions, air conditioners and smartphone being manufactured by the company. Samsung electronics is spread across 80 countries and has developed a reputation by emphasizing on innovation in its management strategies. The organizational structure of the company is spread over four major arenas namely digital media, telecommunication network, LCD and home appliances, and semiconductors. Each of these business units produce products in a variety of domains(Chang, 1988). Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers The Organizational Structure The organizational structure of an organization is decided based on the size of the company, the type of the industry of functioning and on the marketing strategies adopted by the company. It is the way in which job tasks are grouped and coordinated with each other. The key elements in organizational structure are division of labor, span of control, departmentalization, formalization, chain of command, centralization or decentralization(Child, 1972) . All these key elements when coordinated and combined into a single thread of control governs the present and future of the organizational success. Formalization is the degree to which officials are guided by the culture, rules, laws and regulations(Fredrickson, 1986). The degree of standardization is known as formalization. In Samsung Electronics, all the employees at any level of the hierarchy are strictly guided to follow the orders and decisions made by the chairman without any challenges. The structure in Samsung is centralized as lower level managers are not competent or do not have the authority to make any kind of decision. The decision chain filters from the topmost level seaming down to the ground level of management. Moreover, the lower management do not even have a stance in decision structure. In this centralized structure all decisions are critical and significant acting as a decisive factor for the company. This ensures that the decisions taken are well consistent with the organizational strategic objectives and reduces to take up the risk of wrong decisions. Even though Samsung has a geographically dispersed stru cture yet, the division of power and decision making abilities lies in the hand of top management team or more specifically the chairman. Samsung also ensures a constant spirit of dealing with all the stakeholders. The span of control is the number of employees functioning under a single manager. For the chairman of Samsung,this span of control covers the entire organization spread across the globe. Otherwise, the structure of the Samsung has a large degree of span of control. The chain of command is he flow of line of authority from the top level of management to functional level of the organization. The authority is inherent in the hands of the leaders and top of the managers with the responsibility lying over their competent shoulders. The unity of command follows from the strict organizational structure and management being accountable to just one authoritative leader. The work specialization and the division of labor is based on the fields of functioning and production of the o rganization(Miles et.al, 1978) . Individual experts specializing in different areas of the companys manufacturing and development are given tasks to fulfill and execute. The main element of the organization is the theory of departmentalization which can be done based on various platforms and dimensions. The functional departmentalization of Samsung Electronics is done into four key areas of digital marketing, telecommunications, home appliances and semiconductors. This departmentalization is done inside the organization and calls for in depth specialization in every field with orientations, skills and coordination among the divisions. This functional departmentalization can also be seen from the in the view of product departmentalization in which employees function in different projects and groups targeting the type, nature and requirements of the products and the consumer base regarding the same. This kind of departmentalization in Samsung makes the product line close to the custom ers and hence is successful in making the organization as the worlds leader. However, there may be other types of departmentalization but Samsung Electronics have a centralized structure which limits to these models only. The model of the organizational structure in the Samsung Electronics company is a department organizational structure with CEO as a commanding officer for the whole organization spread globally and with multiple heads, managers or leaders taking up the departments of finance, technology, marketing, research and development, or finance. This structure is the best suited of the organization as it segregates the skills and expertise and give an ability to best harness and exploit the expertise(Porta, 1999). However, sometimes there might be a lack of coordination and a narrow scope of learning and responsibility and a hindrance in the goals of far-sighted employees. Sometimes, the structure of Samsung can also be viewed as matrix structure with partly department oriented management and others based on the demarcation based on the product line or product organizational structure. But, it is seen that these structures may lead to duplicate managerial roles in each product line. The four m ajor groups divided under fourteen divisions have manipulated the globe and have marked an imprint of Samsung Electronics all over. The management of Samsung Electronics switched from a single CEO management system to a two-person team including GeeSung as CEO and vice president and Lee as COO and president of the company. The organizational flow is from the chairman Lee filtering down to the office of secretaries and then down the hierarchy with affiliate leaders. Hence, Samsung has a powerful and effective structure which is owner-centered and is based on the platform to empower management. The chairman holds the power authority and hence decisions made are quick and empowered. The accountability and the responsibility for all the strategies and its implementation lies over the shoulders of one centered authority(Pugh, 1968). This owner empowered structure fits well with the high risk or high return industrial natures. The development of LCD technology or Play-stations were innovative results of this structure. The structure also includes the inner circle within Samsung comprising of office of secretaries in which trained personnel are sent in the key positions to the affiliates. The trust based relation and the loyalty for the chairman is the key quality for selection. The group of engineers are key placeholders for technological expertise. Effective Structure for Strategic Goals The present structure of the organization is a golden key to the door of success. It is the catalyst for organizational success stories and developing brand image. With uncountable people owning at least one Samsung product, it is a true picture that the present organizational structure is promoting in overall progress. Samsung uses smart strategies for advertisements used for marketing and based over its customers. It focuses over the special noteworthy features to be highlighted for their use. They excel in pioneering the market by accelerating the technological productivity. The present marketing strategy resonates with the interplay of innovative, imagination, global research and development, strong commitment to ongoing investment, cooperation and collaboration of every element of the organizational structure and the supply chain. The progress curve of Samsung electronics is ascending with the launch of cost effective, trendy and user friendly products. The price for all the products are based over the motto of providing a trendy technology with a high command over brand quality and image in a premium price. The Samsung stores are spread all over the world providing a digital experience. The structure of Samsung is successful till date to produce world class range of products which is accepted and appreciated by the customers globally. The strategy of the company is more of end focused and less of mean focused(Hunter, 2002). This is as a result of the centralized hierarchy of organizational control which pays more attention over innovation and production of various product range meeting the demands of the customers and less attention towards the methods, means or process undertaken in order to produce goods or services. Decisions from the top management are filtered down the control line to be followed by the executives and employees and to return the final product in the market. Organizational Effectiveness The organizational effectiveness is prudent and strategic utilization of resources (Brews, 2004) of all the departments to create and maintain competitive advantage. There are various approaches to attain the organizational effectiveness namely goal approach, system resource approach, strategic constituency approach, internal process approach, competing value approach (Cameron, 1983). The goal oriented approach assumes the organization to be planned and logical entities for accomplishment of rationales of the organization. The organizational formal goals are dependent upon the social acceptability and the brand value. The effectiveness cannot be measured solely based on the goal approach as there may be multiple conflicting goals. Samsung is visionary to set up goals for the future and innovation to justify the procedures and means to fulfill the objectives. The vision 2020 of Samsung is goal oriented and aims at creating a promising and exciting future. The profound vision is itself appealing i.e. Inspire the world, Create the future. The product outputs and the marketing outputs are compared with the set objectives by the top management to evaluate the present performance and set future missions. This approach is more critical about the outputs and the results. The system resource approach assumes the organization to be an open system of function (Denison, 1990) being aligned towards the inputs. It calls for effective utilization of valuable resources. It anticipates a blend of high quality of raw material and lower costs. Samsung is quite efficient is system resource approach for effectiveness as it guarantees good quality of material at premium costs. This effectiveness approach focuses its roots in means or the process of operation rather than the ends or result and products of the operation. The strategic constituency approach fulfills the demands and requirements of the agencies or stakeholders in its supporting environment. This approach is highly ideal for organizations which are relying on the feedback or response to the demands of the customers. For Samsung as a leading brand for electronics and phones, this model is a perfect suit for the type of the organization and its sales. The marketing success and development lies to a great extent over the response from the customers. But critical care must be taken for satisfaction of every stakeholder associated with the organization. The internal process approach is an outcome borne out of fixed output approach of goal orientation. But, it has a deep insight into the health, culture, commitment, coordination or satisfaction of the staff. When there is an effectiveness check into the organization then process and product both can be enhanced and improved. Mintzbergs Theorem of Organizational Structure According to Mintzberg, organizational framework can be classified into various setups namely entrepreneurial, machine, divisional, professional, and innovative(Mintzberg, 1979). Entrepreneurial company usually showcases a loose structure driven by founders, leaders and business-minded people. These organizations are adorned with forward thinking ideals ad enthusiastic personnel. There is a vertical line of authority with direct supervision over subordinates and authority lying in the hands of the peak i.e. The CEO (Mintzberg, 1980). Samsung is directed by the the Chairman and is lead by the family holding major part of the shares. The control the overall management of the multinational company. Mintzberg suggested another type known as machine in which highly bureaucratic functionality (Mansfield, 1973) are practiced with a high level of standardization of tasks. Samsung as an enterprise do not have a machine bureaucratic structure which might sometimes limit the openness and innova tion to new perspectives. Professional and innovative types are an outcome of decentralized architecture and organizational structure. Professional type showcases a high degree of competent driving the knowledge engine and fueling the talent pool by being able to make strategic decisions in their prevalent specialized skills by showcasing their autonomous working techniques. Qualified professionals enjoy a high degree of independence to depict their capabilities and highlight their talent. Innovative type calls for cutting edge creativity which decentralization as a superior feature for efficiency and judgments. There is no basic standardization to incorporate changes in the marketing environment. Samsung though calls for highly intensive and creative research and development unit and department yet, the key decisions, rules and regulations are being set and modulated by the top management leading to a spring back of innovative disruptive thinking strategies and increasing the level of dependence to execute something worth Euphoria! The divisional type of organizational type is common in large enterprises like Samsung Electronics with numerous units for business and a wide production line. The business is departmentalized to promote effective and divisional management with a centralized control commanding or guiding of vice presidents taking the responsibility of leadership in all facets of work within operational departments. Structural Issues The problems with the present structure of Samsung is the main strength i.e. One man decision making structure. There is a complete uncertainty of sustaining of leadership. Even a wise emperor falls trap of mistakes and hence, a single decision making power may make several mistakes which cannot be challenged or questioned by the inner circle of management. Any sort of differences or challenges may lead to job threat and hence, may result into wrong or sometimes blunder decisions. All the important or unimportant decisions are taken up by chairman Lee and there is a lack of leadership by professional managers. The sustainability of the family control over the Samsung and using cross shareholding to hold one of the largest portion of the shares can prove to be a threat in future. The competition of the executives are against one another rather than behavior of cooperating and group work. There is a need of transition from the founder management and the leading generation towards professional management and its rule over the decisions in the company. But care should also be taken to avoid future confusion, or intersecting conflicts, and to overcome cultural differences. The unique leading model is not as proactive as expected. According to the organizational structure, there is a complete lack of accountability towards the external stakeholders. There is a leading trend of cross shareholding among the affiliates which is shifting the funds across various subsidiaries. This current organizational structure on one hand empowers the critical decision making by concentrating the responsibility and a vision for focus in hands of some top managements only. This also leads to a fast execution in any department and any part of the organization by reacting to the dynamism effectively and by discussing the pros and cons of the market scenario thereby making rapid and well thought decisions. This is one of the secrets of quality of the Samsung Electronics products and their speed of product introduction. The response from customers are critically analyzed and hence quickly a new launch of product can be planned. But this system may not expand well geographically. Samsung electronics is spread across 80 countries and decisions if taken by just top management residing at the headquarters may lead to differences in execution. Different geographic areas may call for different requirements and hence decision making must be decentralized into the hands of managers for a particular branch as they understand the local needs ad culture and thereby will be able to make better decisions. The support and knowledge from expert and skilled personnel can be blended with the intellectual minds of the management and hence decision making process can be refined and qualified. The legacy of the family hierarchy may also call for challenges and criticism in regard with operational efficiency and in concern with incorporation of highly talented personnel by giving them opportunities to lead and rule the organization. Hence, Samsung must adopt a hybrid structure with centralization for critical and globally important decisions and to let small decisions be taken up by the lower managing authorities. The structure must become a bit less tightened up and must open the doors for intellectual talent pool to be able to innovate and provide services for the organization. The organization should be flexible in order to remain competent in this dynamic world. Conclusion Hence, after research and knowledgeable insight into the concepts and techniques of organization structure it is observed that different organizational structures lead to various dimensions of efficiency in operations and meeting the targets, harnessing the expertise by creating a talent pool and appointing specialized personnel for special tasks, to enrich and enhance the quality of decision making, the modes and ease of communication within the organization and the span of control. Samsung Electronics is a huge organization with a spread across various geographic nations but still a centralized structure being guided by the Chairman Lee leading major organizational decisions and flow of commands. Organizational structure in a vision inside the key competent factors and strategies of the company to overcome the challenges of the market and the consumer demands and excelling in the filed of production, research and development. References Brews, Peter J., and Christopher L. Tucci 2004, Exploring the Structural Effects of Internetworking,Strategic Management Journal, vol.25, no. 5, pp. 429452. Cameron, K. S., Whetten, D. A. 1983,Organizational effectiveness: A comparison of multiple models, v 733. Chang, S. J., Choi, U 1988, Strategy, structure and performance of Korean business groups: A transactions cost approach,The Journal of Industrial Economics, pp. 141-158. Child, J. 1972, Organizational structure, environment and performance: the role of strategic choice,Sociology,vol. 6,no. 1, pp. 1-22. Denison, D. R. 1990, Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness, John Wiley Sons. Fredrickson, J. W. 1986, The strategic decision process and organizational structure,Academy of management review,vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 280-297. Hunter, J. 2002, Improving organizational performance through the use of effective elements of organizational structure,Leadership in Health Services, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 12-21. Mansfield, R. 1973, Bureaucracy and centralization: An examination of organizational structure,Administrative Science Quarterly, pp. 477-488. Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., Coleman, H. J. 1978, Organizational strategy, structure, and process,Academy of management review,vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 546-562. Mintzberg, H. 1979, The structuring of organizations: A synthesis of the research,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. Mintzberg, H. 1980, Structure in 5's: A Synthesis of the Research on Organization Design,Management science,vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 322-341. Porta, R., Lopez de Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. 1999, Corporate ownership around the world,The journal of finance,vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 471-517. Pugh, D. S., Hickson, D. J., Hinings, C. R., Turner, C. 196, Dimensions of organization structure,Administrative science quarterly, pp. 65-105.

Wuthering Heights By Bronte (1230 words) Essay Example For Students

Wuthering Heights By Bronte (1230 words) Essay Wuthering Heights By BronteIn Brontes novel Wuthering Heights the idea compensation for love lost isdiscussed. Wuthering Heights is a quiet house in the country where theEarnshaws and Heathcliff live. Heathcliff loves Catherine Earnshaw very muchbut, she decides to marry another man, Edgar. Heathcliff marries Edgarssister just to make Catherine jealous. At the end Heathcliff abandons his planfor vengeance and professes his love for Catherine only to see her die soonafter. In the novel Wuthering Heights Bronte shows that revenge is not the keyto happiness through irony, through plot, and through characterization. Irony isused over and over in the novel Wuthering Heights to express the notion ofrevenge. The main ironic incident in this novel is that no one ends up with theperson they want to be with despite the fact that they can be with the one theylove. For example Catherine loves Heathcliff. Catherine and Heathcliff are soulmates, and she even remarks to Nelly that, ? I am Heathcli ff!?(142). She is angry at Heathcliff for not leaving sooner to make something ofhimself. Catherine could have had Heathcliff, but she chooses not to and ends upmiserable. Another example of irony is that Heathcliff and Isabella do not loveeach other. Heathcliff thinks that he is with Isabella to get back at Catherine. We will write a custom essay on Wuthering Heights By Bronte (1230 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He sees Isabella as an unsuspecting ?young lady?(91). However, Isabellamarried Heathcliff for spite. She resents the fact that her Catherine marriedher brother and wanted to get back at Catherine. Neither Isabella nor Heathclifffind happiness in each others arms, and they both die miserable and unsatisfiedwith each other. The fact that Edgar wants to get back at Heathcliff afterCatherines death is very ironic. Edgar won. Catherine marries him and notHeathcliff. Edgar is always jealous of Heathcliff. Before Catherines demiseEdgar tells her that, ?It is impossible for you to be my friend and his at thesame time? (99). When Catherine does not p. 3 respond to this Edgar goes on totell her, ?I absolutely require you to choose? (100). When Catherine doesdie Edgar seeks revenge. He knows that Catherine died of a broken heart tornbetween Edgar and Heathcliff. Edgar in a ranting rage tells Nelly, ?Illcrush his ribs in like a rotten hazel nut?(158). He seeks vengeance onHeathcliff, but never g ets it. A final example of irony is with Heathcliff andHindly. A few years after Hindly condemns Heathcliff to a life of servitudeHeathcliff runs off and makes a living. He comes back a wealthy and proper man. Heathcliff helps Hindly out of debt. However, Hindly owes so much money toHeathcliff that Heathcliff takes Wuthering Heights from Hindly. So, just whenHindly thinks that he got back at Heathcliff for ruining his life Heathclifftakes his revenge and lets Hindly died a poor, miserable old man. The plot inEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights reflects the concept of revenge. Mr. Earnshawmeets a poor boy on one of his trips. Because Mr. Earnshaw is such a ?capitalfellow?(9) he takes pity on the boy, Heathcliff, and invites him to live withthe Earnshaws. Mr. Earnshaw has an alterior motive for the boy. He wants hischildren, Hindly and Catherine, to understand what it is like to share theirwealth with someone who is less fortunate than themselves. Mr. Earnshaw figuredthat the children would learn and grow from this experience. The truth is thatthe children did not. Hindly grows up miserable and resentful of Heathchiff. AndCatherine eventually turned her nose up to Heathcliff only to find that sh e ischeerless without him. The novel takes a turn when Catherine has to decidewhether or not to marry Edgar. She knows that she has ?no more businessmarrying Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven? (64). YetCatherine marries Edgar anyway for p. 4 wealth, but more importantly revenge. .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f , .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .postImageUrl , .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f , .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f:hover , .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f:visited , .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f:active { border:0!important; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f:active , .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4b97ab40d7ffbbc6b32ba88fd7a75b7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A soldiers Tale EssayShe wants to get back at Heathcliff for never making something of himself. Butat the end Catherine is the one who suffers. Heathcliff desires Linton and Cathyto be wed. This plan is curtailed by Edgar. Cathy falls in love with Linton andtells Edgar. When Edgar finds out he says, ?No one from Wuthering Heightsshall come here? (224). Edgar does this for revenge. He does not wantHeathcliff or anyone to be happy. At the end he is Edgar is the one who is nothappy even though he thought he got the ultimate revenge. Characterizationanother literary device that Bronte uses in Wuthering Heights that reflects theconcept of revenge. Catherine begins her life happ ily. She is a wild, carefree,and round character. As Catherine ages she becomes more concerned with her looksand her social position. Catherine goes to Thrushcross Grange where she istreated ?like a queen?(44) and when she returns she wants nothing to do withHeathcliff. Catherine finds a young man named Edgar. When Edgar proposes she istorn between Edgar and Heathcliff. Edgar could provide her with anything shewants. However, Catherine loves Heathcliff. She chooses to marry Edgar and sheis miserable. Catherine wants Edgar to suffer because he never understoodCatherines affection for Heathcliff and Catherine wants Heathcliff to bemelancholy because he could not fathom the fact that Catherine picked Edgar overhim. Catherines ultimate revenge came when she passed-on and left bothHeathcliff and Edgar heartbroken and miserable. Hindley is another characterthat seeks revenge. When Heathcliff comes to live with the Earnshaws Hindleyis very upset. Mr. Earnshaw adores Heathcliff and raised H eathcliff as a memberof the family. Hindley would ?blubber like a baby? (39) when he could nothave his way. When Mr. Earnshaw dies Hindley takes over the house. The deepanimosity that Hindley feels for Heathcliff drives Hindley to condemn Heathcliffto a life of servitude. Hindley treats Heathcliff ?like a servant?(49). p. 5Hindley sought vengeance and got it. Catherine never looked at Heathcliff thesame way and Heathcliff was miserable. Isabella gets really mad when she finsout that Heathcliff is still in love with Catherine. She decides to fillHeathcliff with grief and she ?runs the whole way from Wuthering Heights?(146). Not only is Heathcliff heart broken when she leaves, she also takes theirbaby Linton along with her. Isabella got her revenge and now Heathcliff issuffering from the loss of Catherine, Isabella, and his baby Linton. Heathcliffseeks vengeance on Catherine. Heathcliff loves Catherine dearly and would stopat nothing to make her happy. One day Heathcliff overhears a c onversationbetween Nelly and Catherine. Catherine tells Nelly that, ? I shallmarry him ? (68). Heathcliff is crushed but, when Catherine speaks ofHeathcliff and says, ?Heathcliff has no notion of these things? (70). Shegoes on to tell Nelly that, ?He does not know what being in loveis?(70) Heathcliff overhears this conversation and runs away. He goes of insearch of a way to show Catherine what she is missing. Heathcliff comes back asa well dressed, proper, and wealthy man. Catherine sees this perfect man infront of her and is filled with rage for Heathcliff is now out of her reach. Even though Heathcliff got revenge he did not get what he reallywantedCatherine. In the novel Wuthering Heights Bronte shows that revenge isnot the key to happiness through irony, through plot, and throughcharacterization. The characters are consumed by desire to have revenge on thepeople who have tormented them. The people in the novel stop at nothing; notrealizing the serious affect that they have on themselves and on othercharacters. At the end revengenot love is what compels the characters in allthe key moments in the novel. .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce , .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .postImageUrl , .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce , .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce:hover , .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce:visited , .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce:active { border:0!important; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce:active , .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucceaed90f78e58b322348da7b27b68ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: OJ Simpson EssayBibliographyp.6 Bronte, Emily. Wuthering Heights. London: Orion House, 1973.