Brief 2 page essay describing Andro Supplements. cycle, side effects, results, studies, resources as well

Brief 2 page essay describing Andro Supplements. cycle, side effects, results, studies, resources as well Andro is considered a natural steroid because it is legal and safe but has many of the same positive effects of illegal steroids. Androstendione (pronounced andro-steen-dee-own) is a hormone naturally produced by the adrenal gland.50mg taken orally can raise testosterone levels 140% to 183%. Many use a 4-6 week cycle and sustain from use for 3-4 weeks before restarting the cycle. It is recommended to take it 60-120 minutes before a workout. This supplement will give considerable increases in muscle mass but has been in controversy for whether or not it should be as easily available as it today. It has many of the same side effects as anabolic steriods. Some side effects can include acne, 12% decrease in HDLs, and prostate hypertrophy. Since it is not an anabolic steroid it does not pose a threat to kidneys or liver.In March 2004, U.S. Department of Health Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson announced that the Food and Drug Administration has requested that andro manufacturers st op distributing andro products.Numerous vials of injectable anabolic steroids, wh..."Young people, athletes and other consumers should steer clear of andro because there are serious, substantial concern about its safety," said Thompson." Young people should understand that there are no shortcuts to a stronger body, and that the best way to get faster and stronger is through good diet, nutrition and exercise."Studies concluded that andro actually is inefficient. It has minimal gains of testosterone compared to gains in estrogen. Researchers suspect prolonged use could lead to other problems. Elevated levels of andro in the blood may promote cancer of the pancreas and prostate; men concerned about prostate problems, in particular, should avoid it. Theoretically, andro could also cause bone growth problems in children, premature labor during pregnancy, and masculinization in women, including male-pattern baldness, according to the Natural Medicines...

What Is the National Letter of Intent for NCAA

What Is the National Letter of Intent for NCAA SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re a big fan of college sports, you may have seen a news conference on ESPN where a highly recruited high school athlete announces what college he is going to attend (usually in a dramatic way), and then he signs a piece of paper. That piece of paper is his National Letter of Intent; he is now legally bound to attend that college and the recruiting process is officially over. I remember the day I signed my National Letter of Intent to attend Stanford. I don’t think my mom has ever been as proud, and it’s very likely I won’t ever make her that proud again. Receiving and signing a National Letter of Intent is your reward for years of hard work and signifies the culmination of your college search. In this article, I will explain what the National Letter of Intent is, why it exists, and its terms. What Is the National Letter of Intent? The NLI is a binding agreement between a prospective student-athlete and an NLI member institution to enroll at a school in exchange for athletic aid. There are 650 NCAA Division I and II colleges that participate in the NLI program. Terms of the Agreement By signing the NLI, a prospective student-athlete agrees to attend the institution full-time for one academic year (two semesters or three quarters). The institution agrees to provide athletic aid for one full academic year. Athletic scholarships can be renewed every year, but you only have to sign the NLI once. The coach will tell you how much aid you’re being offered before you receive the NLI. The NLI will be accompanied by an athletic aid award letter that tells you the amount of aid you’re receiving. Award letters are the responsibility of the specific institution. Since 2012, schools have been able to provide multi-year scholarships (for 2, 3, or 4 years). However, most schools provide scholarships that are renewable annually. Generally, as long as you’re participating and stay in good academic standing, your scholarship will be renewed. Sometimes, if there’s additional athletic aid available, your scholarship will be increased. Penalty for Not Fulfilling the Agreement If you don't enroll in the school, you can't compete for one academic year at the next NLI institution you attend, and you lose a year of eligibility. Purpose of the NLI The purpose of the NLI is to have a written agreement that you will receive athletics aid in exchange for enrollment, provided you are admitted to the school and eligible to compete. Also, signing a National Letter of Intent signifies the end of the recruiting process. Once you sign the NLI, you can’t be recruited by other schools. If another school tries to recruit you, you have to notify them that you’ve signed your NLI. These Princeton athletes didn't have to sign an NLI Example of a National Letter of Intent It wasn't easy, but I did some digging on the internet, and I found an actual National Letter of Intent for you to check out. This NLI was from a few years ago and some of the signing deadlines have changed since then. Now, you must sign your NLI within 7 days of it being issued to you, and the NLI must be filed by the conference within 14 days. How Does a College Process the National Letter of Intent? First, the college issues an NLI and an offer of athletics aid to the prospective student-athlete. The student-athlete signs two copies. Also, a guardian must sign the NLI if the student-athlete is less than 21 years of age. Then, the student-athlete will return one copy and keep one for her records. The NLI must be signed within 7 days of the date it was issued, but the 7 day deadline will be less if there are fewer than 7 days left in the signing period. Or, the NLI must be signed by 7 days after the initial signing date if it's issued before the initial signing date. The college then verifies the required information and sends it to its conference office to be validated. The NLI must be filed by the conference within 14 days of the final signature. The NLI process is completely independent of the college admissions process. Typically, a school won't issue an NLI and offer of athletics aid until after a student-athlete has been admitted to the institution. There are some exceptions and cases where a school has to rescind an acceptance after an NLI has been signed due to a failing grade or disciplinary issue, but most often signing the NLI is the last step in a student-athlete's college selection process. NLI Signing Dates Here are the NLI signing dates for the upcoming year. Generally, these dates stay roughly the same from year to year. NLI Signing Dates for Prospective Student-Athletes Signing 2015-2016 and Enrolling 2016-2017 Sport(s) Initial Signing Date Final Signing Date Basketball (Early Period) November 11, 2015 November 18, 2015 Basketball (Regular Period) April 13, 2016 Division I: May 18, 2016 Division II: August 1, 2016 Football (Midyear JC Transfer) December 16, 2015 January 15, 2016 Football (Regular Period) February 3, 2016 April 1, 2016 Soccer and Men's Water Polo February 3, 2016 August 1, 2016 All Other Sports (Early Period November 11, 2015 November 18, 2015 All Other Sports (Regular Period) April 13, 2016 August 1, 2016 The initial signing dates are the first dates you're able to sign an NLI in a signing period and the final dates are the deadlines by when you must sign the NLI in that period. If you don't sign early, you can always sign in the regular period. Most coaches try to sign their top recruits in the early period because they don't want to lose them to other schools. In the regular period, they'll try to fill the rest of their recruiting classes with late finds, student-athletes they were previously unsure about, or top recruits who didn't want to commit in the early signing period. Football, soocer, and men's water polo don't have early signing periods because they're fall sports, and coaches are busy with their competitive seasons when the other sports have their early signing periods. Schools will often make admissions decisions sooner for athletic recruits so they can sign in the early period (or in the beginning of the regular period), but sometimes an athlete will have to apply to a college "early decision" or "early action" if he wants to sign early. Notable NLI Rules If you are under 21, a parent or guardian must sign the NLI. Athletic aid award letters have their own rules and the institution determines if you need a guardian signature. The NLI must be accompanied by an athletics aid award letter. If you are not receiving an athletics scholarship, you can't sign an NLI. The coach can't be off-campus to give you your NLI or be there when you sign. You are still bound to enroll in a school if there is a coaching change. Typical Reasons You'll Be Released From Your NLI While the NLI is legally-binding, there are situations in which you'll be granted a release from your NLI. Here are the most common situations in which you'll be released from your NLI and free to enroll in a different school. 1. You are not admitted into the university- If you don't get accepted by the university, you won't be receiving your scholarship. However, typically, the NLI will only be issued by the school after you gain admission. 2. You are determined to be ineligible by the NCAA Eligibility Center- All NCAA athletes must be certified by the eligibility center to participate in NCAA sports. A student-athlete can be deemed ineligible if he doesn't meet minimum GPA or SAT/ACT requirements. Or, he can be deemed ineligible if he has violated amateurism rules. 3. One-year absence- If you sign an NLI and do not attend any school for one year, you would then be allowed to attend another university if you file for a release with that school’s conference office. Your athletic department at the school you will be attending can help you with that process. 4. Joining the military or doing a church mission- If you join the military or go on a church mission for 12 months or more after signing an NLI, you'll be allowed to sign with another school without penalty. 5. Discontinued sport- If the school cuts the program for the sport you signed for after you have signed, you'll be allowed to sign with another school without penalty. 6. Recruiting rules violations- If it is determined there were recruiting rules violations after you have signed an NLI, you will have the choice to continue with your NLI or get a release once you have been reinstated. This process will be handled by the athletic department of your university. Finally, if there's an extenuating circumstance or compelling reason why you want a release from your NLI, you can fill out an NLI release request form on www.national-letter.org . If you join the military, you can be released from your NLI. Final Advice Don't procrastinate in signing your NLI. Generally, you'll only have 7 days from the date it's issued. All you have to do is sign it, get a guardian to sign it, and return it. However, don't stress the NLI. If you receive an NLI, you've done the hard part. You've been offered an athletics scholarship. The college will walk you through the process, if necessary. The school wants you. That's why you were offered a scholarship. Make sure you're registered with the NCAA Eligibility Center. Not only do you need to be certified as eligible before you can participate in NCAA sports, but also you need to register before you can take official campus visits during your recruiting process. Most importantly, focus on your academics. Regardless of how gifted you are athletically, you need to be admitted to college academically. Even after you sign your NLI and you've been accepted by the college, you want to make sure that you finish your senior year strong to ensure you'll be eligible to compete and so that there's no chance you'll have your acceptance rescinded. What's Next? Make sure you know the SAT and ACT scores you need to compete in NCAA sports. Also, learn what you have to do to build the most versatile college application. Finally, review this article on the college athletic recruiting process. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Computer applications in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computer applications in management - Essay Example Social networking sites include Facebook, Tagged.com, Xanga.com, Live Journal, MySpace, Friendster.com, Liked In among others have cropped on the Internet for the past few years. Social networking services can facilitate learning and skill development outside formal learning environments and especially for the youths below 25 in Australia through support brought about by peer to peer learning of skills and knowledge, diverse cultural expression, collaboration, skill development within the working area (Ito et al, 2006; Jenkin, 2007, cited by Palfrey, 2008, p7 cited by Collin, Rahilly, Richardson and Third, 2011). These sites play key roles in youth culture as they give youth space and a place to hang out amongst themselves, where they share cultural artifacts. Most of these sites enable young people to flirt, post pictures, share videos, creative artwork and also meeting new people. They connect students from different schools across the nation (Barnes 2006). Young people pour their minds, into these social networking sites in order clear their heads, show their thoughts and get feedback from their peers (Hoang 2006 cited in Barnes 2006). Social networking services foster a strong sense of community and belonging which has the potential to promote resilience, that helps young people to adapt to change and also stressful events (Collin, Rahilly, Richardson and Third, 2011, p7). ... Boys, who are reluctant when discussing their feelings, tend to benefit more than girls from this effect (Farrer 2009). University of Minnesota conducted a study last year using social media which revealed improved technology and communication skills boosted creativity and exposed students to new views. This activity has taught students on editing content, designing and also encouraged the production and sharing of poetry, art, photographs, video content etc. This improves on students resulting to better performance in exams (Farrer 2009). These sites create a central repository of personal information. As American adults are concentrating on how the government and other organizations are collecting data regarding its citizens as teenagers freely give up their personal and private information in their social media. School officials, government agencies, marketers and online predators can collect data about youths through online teenage diaries. We can conclude these by saying adults are more concerned about the invasion of privacy while youths are freely giving up personal information. This occurs mainly because youths are unaware of the public nature of the Internet (Barnes 2006). Whereas adults argue that some certain information like that may lead to hacking of one’s account. However, formal communication is not vanishing. As social networking is displacing other forms of online communication to some degree such as email, chartrooms among others incorporates others like blogging, music downloading, and instant messaging and remediates yet more notably, face to face and phone communications (Bolter and Grusin, 1999; Jenkins, 2006 cited in Livingstone 2008, p395). To sum up on the benefits, Social Networking Services constitute new spaces for civic

History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History paper - Essay Example On the other hand, Bulgarians acted in a manner preserving the lives of the Jews. They persecuted, tortured and harassed the Jews living in Bulgaria, but they never killed them. There are various testimonies recorded that portray the brutality of the Polish community. On 5th April 1945, Wasersztajn recorded a testimony before the Jewish History Commission reporting on the war against the Jews living in Jedwabne (Zimmermann 70). According to Wesersztajn, about 1,600 Jew lived in Jedwabne before the war. After the war, only about seven Jews survived because they were saved by a Polish woman who resided in the vicinity. According to Wesersztajn, the Germans entered Jedwabne on the 23rd June, 1941. Two days later, local bandits, composed of Polish population started an anti-Jew pogrom. The following day, the local priest requested the Polish population to stop the pogrom as the German fight against the Jews was not for the Polish population. Although this stopped the pogrom, the local Po les did not sell foodstuffs to the Jews. On 10th July 1941, the Germans issued an order for the destruction of the Jews (Zimmermann 71). However, although the Germans gave the order, the Polish hooligans carried out this order using horrifying methods. On the same day, a meeting was held to deliberate on how the Jews would be murdered. With the support of the mayor Karolak, they decided to destroy all the Jews in Jadwabne. According to other witnesses, the war begun on the 10th of July, following the convocation of the adult Polish males in Jedwabne town hall. Mayor Karolak and Sabuta ordered the Jews along with the Poles to gather at the town hall for some cleaning duty (Zimmermann 73). Although she did not gather with the other Jews at the town hall, she had screams of a young boy who was beaten to death. The Poles gathered with clubs, knifes and other tools of war while Jewish took brooms and other tools used for cleaning. In addition, the Polish vigilant groups ensured that the Jews were not able to escape from Jadwabne. On the other hand, Bulgarians were not willing to bend to the evils of the Nazi Germans. Majority of the Jews living in Bulgaria survived as the Bulgarians refused to surrender the Jews to the German Death camps. However, they lost property and many of the Jews were imprisoned. In the Bulgarian labor camps, the Jews were tortured, maimed, persecuted and harassed. Despite this hostility, the Bulgarians did not murder the Jews. However, in 1941 the Bulgarian parliament passed a bill that had numerous restrictions on the Jews living in Bulgaria. They were not allowed to vie for any office in parliament, serve in the military, work in government offices, own rural land and marry or cohabit with Bulgarians. In addition, they had limited access to education and medical facilities. In spite of these, the Bulgarians did not participate in the killings of the Jews. Before the war against the Jews, the Jewish community significantly dominated variou s regions in terms of religion, culture and economic welfare. A majority of the Polish population supported the Nazi Germans on their hatred towards the Jews. The Germans ordered for the preservation of one family member in the Jewish family (Zimmermann 73). However, the Poles decided to kill all the Jews that lived in Poland. Although the Bulgarians looked at the Jews with suspicion, they did not fully support the Germans on the issue concerning the Jews. Therefore, the Jews in Poland were persecuted and killed while those in

Major v. Brodie Essay Example for Free

Major v. Brodie Essay Case Law Where the tax liability of an English taxpayer depended on the nature of some entity or structure which was not constituted under English law, the matter was to be determined by reference to the actual legal characteristics of that entity or structure under its own governing law. To the extent that the taxpayers liability in the instant case depended on the nature of a partnership under Scots law they were therefore entitled and bound to be taxed by reference to the actual law which governed the partnership. Moreover, under English or Scots law a trade carried on by a partnership was a trade carried on by its members and each of them. (Major v. Brodie) Any trader who bought an asset for use in his trade was the proprietor of it, and inevitably used it in part for the purpose of being its proprietor. It was, however, legally possible for him to use the asset wholly for the purposes of the trade. (Major v. Brodie) Summary The author first recites the facts of the case. Taxpayers Mr. And Mrs. Brodie were members of a partnership under the name of Skeldon Estates (SEP). The two entered into loan agreements with a finance company and advance said loans to the SEP. The balance of the loan was however applied as the firm’s contribution of capital to another partnership, W Murdoch Son, a firm engaged in the trade of farming of which it was a member. Additional loan agreements were subsequently entered into by the taxpayers, the amount of which was applied to the SEP which it used to purchase another farm for use by W Murdoch Son in its farming trade, but which was not an asset of that partnership. The taxpayers claimed tax relief under s 362(1) of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 for interest on the loans for the years 1987-88 to 1992-93 as interest on loans to defray money applied in advancing money to the Skeldon Estates partnership for the purposes of the farming trade which it carried on as a partner in W Murdoch Son. The Revenue denied relief to the taxpayers because they did not meet the requirement of s 362(1) that the money advanced be used wholly for the purposes of carrying on the trade of the partnership claiming the relief. The Revenue treated the money advanced to W Murdoch Son partnership as money advanced for the purposes of carrying on a separate trade, and not for SEP.            According to the author, the conditions of s 362(1)(b) are satisfied. The provision of the law only requires that the money be used wholly for the purposes of the trade carried on by the partnership; it does not however require that such trade be carried on by the partnership alone. In his words: â€Å"When the paragraph requires the money to be used wholly for the purposes of the trade carried on by the partnership there is no need or justification for tacitly interpolating the word alone, or some other expression having the same effect. If the trade is carried on by the partnership, and here the farming trade is carried on by Skeldon Estates partnership (as it is also carried on by Mr Henry Murdoch), it makes no difference whether it is carried on by the partnership alone or in common with any other person or persons. It should be noted that the word wholly in s 362(1)(b) goes with used. It describes how the money has to be used, not who it has to be used by.† (Major v. Brodie) For purposes of granting relief under s 362(1)(b), the trade carried on by a partnership as a member of another partnership may be considered being carried on by it wholly for the purpose of that partnership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author then points to the argument of the Crown that the separate legal persona of the SEP from the taxpayers does not entitle them to relief under English law, Park J considers this untenable. First and foremost, the partnership is a Scottish partnership. It therefore has a legal persona separate and distinct from its members and the money advanced by its members can be regarded as money of the partnership, contrary to the Crown’s argument. Even if SEP was, for the sake of argument, an English partnership, the taxpayers would still be entitled to relief because when the paragraph refers to â€Å"the trade . . . carried on by the partnership,† its strict meaning in relation to an English partnership is â€Å"the trade carried on by the partners in their capacities as members of the partnership† because an English partnership does not have a separate legal persona.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author then discussed the case of Mac Kinlay (Inspector of Taxes) v. Arthur Young McClelland Moores Co. [1989] STC 898, which will be discussed hereunder. Background Facts Arthur Young McClelland Moores Co, is a firm of chartered accountants with over 200 partners decided that it became necessary to ask partners and employees to move from one part of the country to another to ensure that the staff was deployed to the firm’s best advantage with the firm shouldering some of the expenses. Issues The Special Commissioners, in resolving the issue involving two of the firms partners, found that the expenditure was incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the firm’s business by paying regard to two and only two considerations; The conscious motives of Wilson and Cooper in agreeing to move and the motives of the partners in requesting them to do so and agreeing to contribute to the cost in accordance with the established policy. Decision It was concluded by the Court of Appeals through Lord Oliver of Aylmerton that the expenditure was not allowable due to the fact that the purpose of the partnership could not to be determined because it had a separate legal identity which allowed for the purpose of the individual partner to be ignored. The decision in this case allows a deduction to the partnership for payments to a partner for trade or professional purpose and when the payment is in return for full commercial consideration.  It may be however that in relation to a particular receipt by a partner of partnership moneys not falling under either of the above heads, his co- partners are agreeable to his retaining it without bringing it into account so that to that extent the divisible profits at the end of the year are notionally reduced by the amount retained; but this cannot alter the fact that what is retained is part of the profits which would otherwise be divisible. What is taxable is the actual not the notional profit and what has to be demonstrated if a deduction is to be allowed for tax purposes in respect of moneys paid to a partner is that it was paid exclusively for the purposes of the partnership business. As the decision states: â€Å"‘separate entity treatment only arose at the final stage when, the profits of the trade or profession having been computed and the tax in respect of each partners share in them having been worked out, that tax was assessed in one sum in the partnership name. This matter went to machinery, not to principles of liability.† Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author concludes that a trade carried on by a partnership in its capacity as a member of another partnership may be considered as the trade carried on by the partnership for purposes of tax treatment and tax relief for interest payments.    References: HM Revenue and Customs, BIM38120 Wholly exclusively: partnerships: meeting a partners personal expenditure, retrieved December 3, 2006, http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/bimmanual/BIM38120.htm Mac Kinlay (Inspector of Taxes) v. Arthur Young McClelland Moores Co. [1989] STC 898. Major v. Brodie, [1998] STC 491, 70 Tax Cas 576.

The Milgram Experiment :: Papers

The Milgram Experiment A lesson in depravity, peer pressure, and the power of authority The aftermath of the Holocaust and the events leading up to World War II, the world was stunned with the happenings in Nazi German and their acquired surrounding territories that came out during the Eichmann Trials. Eichmann, a high ranking official of the Nazi Party, was on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity. The questions is, "Could it be that Eichmann, and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices?" Stanley Milgram answered the call to this problem by performing a series of studies on the Obedience to Authority. Milgram's work began at Harvard where he was working towards his Ph.D. The experiments on which his initial research was based were done at Yale from 1961-1962. In response to a newspaper ad offering $4.50 for one hour's work, an individual turns up to take part in a Psychology experiment investigating memory and learning. He is introduced to a stern looking experimenter in a white coat and a rather pleasant and friendly co-subject. The experimenter explains that the experiment will look into the role of punishment in learning, and that one will be the "teacher" and one will be the "learner." Lots are drawn to determine roles, and it is decided that the individual who answered the ad will become the "teacher." [IMAGE]Your co-subject is taken to a room where he is strapped in a chair to prevent movement and an electrode is placed on his arm. Next, the "teacher" is taken to an adjoining room which contains a generator. The "teacher" is instructed to read a list of two word pairs and ask the "learner" to read them back. If the "learner" gets the answer correct, then they move on to the next word. If the answer is incorrect, the "teacher" is supposed to shock the "learner" starting at 15 volts. The generator has 30 switches in 15 volt increments, each is labeled

Favorite Dish Essay

My favorite food is Pakistani food and my favorite dish in Pakistani food is Biryani. I like to eat Pakistani food because I have been eating it since my childhood and I am fond of eating spicy food. I have been to many countries in this world and I have tried many things, but still I consider Pakistani food to be my favorite food. Some people like to eat things which are expensive and they feel that the things which they eat or like are recognized worldwide, but I have different opinion. I like to eat things which are delicious and the food which I have been eating since my childhood. I remember that once I was feeling very sad, and I did not want to eat anything at all but then as I saw Biryani I started feeling hungry. There are times when I am not even feeling hungry, and I start eating Biryani the moment I look at it. I feel very good after eating Biryani. It is so mouth-watering and scrumptious that sometimes I eat it in high quantity. Some people think that only girls should be the one who should be cooking, but I think boys should also know how to cook the food. I learnt making this dish and it was a unique kind of experience. I never thought that cooking was so fun, and now whenever I want to eat Biryani I prefer to make it myself. I believe that you should also try it out someday as most people in my country love it so much.

Dairy: Milk and Clover Essay

Clover S. A. (Proprietary) Limited (â€Å"Clover†) is the biggest dairy processor in South Africa with a turnover of R 4. 3 billion and staff in excess of 6 000. Clover collects approximately 30% of South Africa’s milk supply and processes it into well known branded dairy and related products which is then distributed nationally and even exported into certain African countries. In this document, Clover’s external opportunities and threats, and its internal strengths and weaknesses will be evaluated in order to complete the relevant matrices, whereafter the Grand Strategy Matrix will be used to devise appropriate strategies to deal with the key opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses Mission and Vision Statements: Clover’s mission (which answers the question â€Å"What is Clover’s business?†) is as follows: â€Å"Clover is a branded foods and beverages group with a strong emphasis on value-added products. Clover’s South African dairy business is the perfect enabler to reach the Group’s widely dispersed customers and consumers. Extraordinary care is taken to develop brands which will occupy the number one or two positions in its chosen segments. It believes in the superior procurement, production, marketing, sales and distribution of these branded consumer goods (BCG) to its loyal consumers. † A review of the mission statement shows that most of the â€Å"9 C’s† (i. e. Customers, Products, Markets, Technology, Concern for survival, Growth and Profitability, Philosophy, Self Concept, Concern for Public Image and Concern for Employees) have been utilised in a short statement. It is suggested that the following of the â€Å"absent† â€Å"9 C’s† be included or elaborated upon in the mission statement Concern for employees; Philosophy. Its vision (which answers the question â€Å"What do we want to become?†) is as follows: â€Å"To be a leading and competitive company in South Africa and selected African countries, reaching every consumer on a daily basis with its most admired branded and trusted products, delivering improved and sustainable shareholder value by being a responsible corporate citizen and preferred employer. † A review of the vision statement shows stronger and more reliance by Clover on its brand than on its products. However, Clover’s vision is most certainly achievable, and in certain aspects one may argue that the vision statement might be outdated. THE EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT Introduction: Broadly, the purpose of an external assessment is to a company’s (in this case Clover’s) opportunities which could benefit it on the one hand, and on the other, threats that should be avoided. Generally, these external â€Å"forces† can be divided into the following categories: Economic forces; Social, cultural, demographic and environmental forces; Political, governmental and legal forces; Technological forces; and Competitive forces. Each of these categories will be discussed briefly, as well as the opportunities and threats will be listed under each heading. Economic Forces: The current and ongoing recession had a negative impact on the company’s interim financial results for the 6 months ending December 2008. More particularly and in the words of Clover’s Chief Executive, Mr JH Vorster, â€Å"a recent international publication on dairy matters stated that the industry faces a perfect storm of destructive economic forces and South Africa and Clover could not escape these forces†. The high unemployment numbers (which increases by the day) have an impact on disposable income, which in turn has an impact on buying behaviour, especially towards branded products (which Clover prides itself on), which as a very general rule carries a price margin. This, however, will continue to pose a problem, and as such, Clover must continue to ride the wave of brand recognition to endeavour to brace itself against the prevailing negative economic forces, which is seen as a huge threat. A further threat is the high number of farmers leaving the trade due to what they generally term â€Å"unaffordability†. Social, Cultural, Demographic and Environmental Forces: Clover believes in personal social uplift, thereby not only donating money in general, but being directly involved in the upliftment. Its flagship upliftment programme, Mama Afrika, currently supports in excess of 10 000 people. Appropriately, Clover views this project along the following lines: â€Å"Clover’s flagship CSI philosophy is underpinned by the principle of sustainability; instead of giving people handouts, it is investing in projects that empower communities and enhance their ability to become self-sufficient in the long term. â€Å"We teach the Mamas how to fish rather than give them the fish. †Ã¢â‚¬  According to Clover, it believes that: â€Å"The company is inextricably part of the community and will therefore, in terms of support and development, accept its social responsibility; Profitability and growth are pre-requisites to fulfill its social responsibility within financial means; The community, primarily has to accept responsibility for its own well-being and will only within means, be supported in this; It creates wealth through company taxes, employee taxes and levies which enable government to establish and maintain essential infrastructure like roads, education and health services; Opportunities for work and prosperity are not only created within the business, but that it, indirectly, contributes to job creation and combating poverty. † It furthermore enforces strict environmental disposal techniques in order to protect the environment. It is therefore that Clover views the Social, Cultural and Demographic Forces as an exciting opportunity. The general deterioration of the environment is naturally a concern for Clover, as some of its biggest assets (i. e. cows) rely on a safe environment. This may therefore be seen as a (general) threat. Political, Governmental and Legal Forces: General: First and foremost, Clover must ensure that the relevant agreements are in place with its retailers, service providers and suppliers. These agreements must also be regularly updated. Legislation: The following legislation will be applicable to Clover (or at least cognisance should be taken of these Acts at all times): The Companies’ Act, 69 of 1973; The Companies’ Act, 71 of 2008 (which will come into operation during 2010); The Consumer Protection Act, 68 of 2008, which provides for, inter alia, promoting a fair, accessible and sustainable marketplace for consumer products; Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2 of 2000, which provides for access to information by individuals and/or entities. Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 53 of 2003, which provides for, inter alia, increased broad-based and effective participation of black people in the economy; The Competition Act, 89 of 1998, which provides for, inter alia, the investigation, control and evaluation of certain restrictive practices (the amendments passed during 2010 holds grave consequences in for those who do not adhere to the provisions of the Act). It might well be that a company’s knowledge of particular Acts as mentioned above will be an opportunity. Similarly, a company’s ignorance will be a threat to the company. Clover is an established company, has a legal department and therefore its knowledge of the current law and legislation are adequate. Technological Forces: Clover’s relationship with its customers and clients are entirely computer based (â€Å"IT based†). It is therefore of paramount importance that all its IT be updated regularly (and adequately). Although it has an IT department, Clover does not have a manager close enough to the Executive Committee (such as legal and/or Human Resources). This is seen as a weakness. Competitive Forces: As mentioned in the general introduction in 1. 1 above, Clover collects approximately 30% of South Africa’s milk, leaving 70% which is collected by between 200 to 350 other dairies in South Africa. Of these, Parmalat (Pty) Ltd, Woodlands Dairy (Pty) Ltd, Nestle Dairy (Pty) Ltd, Milkwood (Pty) Ltd and Dairybelle (Pty) Ltd are the biggest competitors. It does however depend on the type of products (for instance, Parmalat is the biggest processor of UHT (Ultra High temperature) milk in South Africa) and geographically (for instance, Parmalat is the biggest distributor of milk in the Western Cape). However, the mentioned companies are competitors and competitors are generally a threat. Clover relies on its brand and extensive distribution network to gain the competitive advantage. Some of the smaller competitors are more than likely to fail due to the current economic recession, thereby giving Clover the opportunities in respect of possible acquisitions of growing market share. A further threat is the (sometimes) ease with which competitors may be successful in convincing farmers to change one processor to another. THE EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION (â€Å"EFE†) MATRIX FOR CLOVER: Key External FactorsWeightRatingWeighted Score Opportunities 1. Recession may cause increase in market share0. 0820. 16 2. Social upliftment programme is extremely successful0. 0540. 20 3. Knowledge of applicable legislation and law0. 1030. 3 4. Possible acquisitions of competitors0. 0810. 08 5. Clover has branded products0. 1130. 33 Threats 6. Economic Recession is a great concern0. 2020. 40 7. Farmers leaving the trade0. 0820. 16 8. Agreements not updated regularly enough0. 0540. 20 9. New and amended legislation places enormous pressure on companies0. 0530. 15 10. Continual Environment Deterioration is of concern0. 0340. 12 11. IT department not close enough to management0. 0320. 06 12. Competitors are generally a threat0. 0730. 21 13. Farmers are convinced to leave Clover for its competitors0. 0720. 14 Total1. 002. 51 CONCLUSION: Clover scores an average of 2. 51 out of a possible 4. There is therefore ample room for improvement. THE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: Introduction: Broadly, the purpose of an internal assessment is to identify and list a company’s internal strengths and weaknesses. Generally, these internal forces by Clover can be divided into the following categories: Management Forces; Marketing Forces; Finance / Accounting Forces; Production / Operations Forces; Research and Development Forces; and Management Information Systems Forces. As with the External Assessment, each of these categories will be cryptically analysed and the strengths and weaknesses will be listed under each heading. Management: Management of Clover has 5 basic activities, namely: Planning; Organising; Motivating; Staffing; and Controlling. Management may be seen as actively planning in order to take the company forward in line with its vision. However, the motivational activity may have taken a turn for the worst, as Clover closed down one of its factories, and is in the process of restructuring and retrenchment. It is therefore submitted that management motivation is, at the moment, a weakness. Apart from the above, the activities of management are attended to adequately and the employees are always encouraged to participate and voice concerns, even directly with management. Marketing: There are 7 basic functions of marketing, namely: Customer analysis; Selling products/services; Product and service planning; Pricing; Distribution; Marketing research; and Opportunity analysis. Clover is well positioned in the market and is a very strong branded company. That being said, its market share has remained stagnant for the past year or two. Clover’s marketing team is very strong, and focuses on the â€Å"new† products, rather than milk. The main product of Clover is thus difficult to market. The view at this stage, is that Clover’s prices of its products are sometimes too high, but the fact remains that Clover is marketing an extremely strong and well known brand. Finance / Accounting : Strengths: Can identify early on future shortfalls in the company and react. Had a positive net profit over last 6 year period. Operating profit was 22. 6% higher than 2007. Property, plant and equipment increased from 2007. Goodwill increased as a result of acquisition of 70% of Mayo Dairy by Clover’s joint venture Danone Clover. Weaknesses: There was a 22. 8% increase internally on operating expenses in 2008 and no mention of plans to combat same. Company suffered tax loss. Interest bearing debt increased. Cash utilisation increased by 26% from 2007. Production / Operations: Clover’s main product (milk) is extremely perishable and as such, Clover succeeds in putting milk, in whatever form, in its packaging within 48 hours after collection thereof from the farmers. This is quite impressive bearing in mind that whilst most of its milk is collected at the coast (KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Caper) most are processed in the Highveld. It is a concern that most of its factories are not close to its source, but Clover is addressing this at the moment. Its quality control is well maintained, and according to Clover, each litre of milk undergoes 55 quality checks before leaving the factory. Research and Development (â€Å"R & D†): Clover survives on â€Å"older† products, but its R & D department is always busy exploring newer and innovative products. It is however difficult to do with a product such as milk. One of its most innovative products in recent years were no fat milk and vanilla milk. Management Information Systems (â€Å"MIS†): It might be argued that Clover’s MIS is not up to scratch. It relies on data from the trade and field. There is no information officer in the company. Information is collected as and when requested and/or needed. INTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION (â€Å"IFE†) MATRIX FOR CLOVER: Key Internal FactorsWeightRatingWeighted Score Strengths 1. Management’s Planning, organising staff and controlling is good0. 1040. 40 2. Brand is very strong and thus marketing is fairly easy and successful0. 2040. 80 3. Strong marketing team0. 0530. 15 4. Turnover increases year on year for the past 6 years0. 0930. 27 5. Production and operation very strong0. 1140. 44 Weaknesses 6. Management motivation low due to impending restructuring0. 7010. 2 7. Operating expenses rose by 22. 8%0. 0620. 12 8. High turnover but low profit margin (between 7% and 8%)0. 0510. 05 9. Factories too far away from source, thereby increasing production costs0. 0810. 08 10. Product may be seen as old and stagnant, thereby inhibiting R & D0. 0220. 04 11. MIS not adequate0. 0410. 04 Total1. 000. 002. 59 IFE CONCLUSION: Clover score of 2. 59 is above average, therefore indicating average to slightly strong internal position. There is therefore ample room for improvement, but it is not weak internally, which is positive. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. Strategies to adopt in improving Clovers mission statement Human resources Applies to all actors along the chain from producers to consumers. Producers: continuing education on breeding, feeding, animal health, the role of institutions and groups. Milk collectors and handlers: training in clean milk processes; payment systems. Milk procurement: organization logistics; environmental issues and concerns; aim is to keep cost as low as possible. Knowledge management Marketing: consumer education and awareness (e. g. school trips to dairies); educate the media so they can help promote milk campaigns; educate health professionals so they know about the benefits. Competitiveness Producing high quality milk at lowest cost; quality is linked to other elements; government can provide loans, artificial insemination, knowledge (training programs); Productivity. Private sector can provide knowledge, consultants, equipment; research and development on new products and technology; nutrition; management (keeping costs low, quality high) Value addition There is a phenomenal scope for innovations in product development, packaging and presentation. Steps should be taken to introduce value-added products like ice creams, flavored milk, dairy sweets, etc. This will lead to a greater presence and flexibility in the market place along with opportunities in the field of brand building. Addition of cultured products like yoghurt and cheese lend further strength – both in terms of utilization of resources and presence in the market place. Export potential Efforts to exploit export potential are already on. Clover should export to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Middle East. Following the new GATT treaty, opportunities will increase tremendously for the export of agri-products in general and dairy products in particular. Cooperatives Greater awareness of farmers’ needs Clover should not think that they are the only custodians or ‘voice’ of Farmers or the only ones protecting the interests of Farmers. Clover should be open enough to understand and think ‘out of the box’ and to understand and see what ways and means can help farmers stay loyal and be more productive. Competition With so many newcomers entering this industry, competition is becoming tougher day by day. But then competition has to be faced as a ground reality. It is large enough for many to carve out their niche. Problematic distribution All is not well with distribution. But then if ice creams can be sold virtually at every nook and corner, why can’t Clover sell other dairy products too? Moreover, it is only a matter of time before we see the emergence of a cold chain linking the producer to the refrigerator at the consumer’s home Perishability Pasteurization has overcome this weakness partially. UHT gives milk long life. Surely, many new processes will follow to improve milk quality and extend its shelf life. Clover needs to overhaul its R & D department.

Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions on Hyundai Motors India Essay Example

Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions on Hyundai Motors India Essay Example Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions on Hyundai Motors India Essay Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions on Hyundai Motors India Essay A REPORT ON INTERNSHIP TRAINING SAGAR LOGISTICS LIMITED Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS By SIDHARTH THOMAS REG NO: 11MIB111 2011-2013 SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Dr. G. R. DAMODARAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathiar University and Re accredited with ‘A’ grade by NAAC, An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Institution Civil Aerodrome Post, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore- 641 014. SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Dr. G. R. DAMODARAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathiar University and Re accredited with ‘A’ grade by NAAC, An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Institution Civil Aerodrome Post, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore- 641 014 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the internship report on GENERAL STUDY ON LOGISTICS is a bonafide record of work done by SIDHARTH THOMAS REG NO: 11MIB111, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS COURSE DIRECTOR Submitted for Viva-Voce Examination held on INTERNAL EXAMINER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EXTERNAL EXAMINER DECLARATION I hereby declare that the internship report on â€Å"A GENERAL STUDY ON LOGISTICS† DONE AT SAGAR LOGISTICS submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS is the original work carried out by me. It is not formed as a part of any other project work submitted for the award of any degree or diploma, either to this or to any other university. SIDHARTH THOMAS REG NO: 11MIB111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my sincere thanks to DR. K. K. RAMACHANDRAN, Director, G. R. D SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS, for providing me this opportunity to take up this internship training. : I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. VS PRADEEP, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER of SAGAR LOGISTICS PVT LIMITED, for his kind acceptance of training request in the company. The gratitude passes to all the trainers of  SAGAR LOGISTICS PVT. LTD, who gave me support and training during my internship training in the company. I also express my sincere thanks to Mr. S. MOORTHY who guided me throughout my report. I extend my sincere thanks to all my family members for being extremely supportive during my training period. SIDHARTH THOMAS TABLE OF CONTENT S. NO| CHAPTER| NAME| PAGENO| 1. | I | 1. INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS2. INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY3. OBJECTIVES4. ROLE AS AN INTERN| 6-891011| 2. | II| 1. COMPANY PROFILE2. VISION AND MISSION3. PRODUCT PROFILE/ SERVICE PROFILE| 111212-20| 3. | III| 1. DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES| 20-26| 4. | IV| 1. OUTCOME OF THE INTERNSHIP2. CONCLUSION| 2728| Introduction to international business International business is a term used to collectively describe all commercial transactions (private and governmental, sales, investments, logistics, and transportation) that take place between two or more regions, countries and nations beyond their political boundary. Usually, private companies undertake such transactions for profit; governments undertake them for profit and for political reasons. 1 It refers to all those business activities which involve cross border transactions of goods, services, resources between two or more nations. Transaction of economic resources include capital, skills, people etc. for international production of physical goods and services such as finance, banking, insurance, construction etc. 2 International business involves commercial activities that cross national frontiers. It concerns the international movement of goods, capital, services, employees and technology; importing and exporting; cross border transactions in intellectual property via licensing and franchising; investments in physical and financial assets in foreign countries; contract manufacture or assembly of goods abroad for local sale or for export to other nations; buying and selling in foreign countries; the establishment of foreign warehousing and distribution systems; and the import to one foreign country of goods from a second foreign country for subsequent local sale. 3 All the basic tools and concepts of domestic business management are relevant to international business. However, special problem arise in international business, in particular * Deals might have to be transacted in foreign languages and under foreign laws, customs and regulations. * Information on foreign countries needed by a particular firm may be difficult * Foreign currency transactions will be necessary. Exchange rate variations can be very wide and create many problems for international business. * Numerous cultural differences may have to be taken into account when trading in other nations. Control and communication systems are normally more complex for foreign than for domestic operations. * Risk levels might be higher in foreign markets. * International managers require a broader range of management skills than do managers who are concerned only with domestic problems. 1-Daniels, J. , Radebaugh, L. , Sullivan, D. (2007). International Business: environment and operations, 1 1th edition. Prentice Hall. * Large amounts of important work might have to be left to intermediaries, consultants and advisers. * It is more difficult to observe and monitor trends and activities in foreign countries. Why firms engage in International Business? Business undertakes international operations in order to expand sales, acquire resources from foreign countries, or diversify these activities (Anderson 1993). The motives for operating internationally are as follows: * Commercial risks can be spread across several countries. * Involvement in international business can facilitate the ‘experience curve’ effect. * Economies of scope (as opposed to economies of scale) might become available. Economies of scale are reductions in unit production costs resulting from large scale operations. The costs of new product dev could require so much expenditure that the firm is compelled to adopt an international perspective. * There might be intense competition in the home market but little in certain foreign countries. * A company’ overall strategies and plans can be anchored against a wider range of opportunities. Sudden collapses in market demand in some countries may be offset by expansions elsewhere. * Cross-border trade is today much easier to organise than in the past. International business is not new – businesses and nations have conducted trade across national boundaries for centuries. Lured by the prospects of large markets and/or sources of raw materials, businesses have traded with other parts of the world. But as we will see later global business and global industry is different. Overseas trade and Ansoff’s matrix Thinking about international business in the context of Ansoff’s matrix: * Entry into overseas markets represents market development. * Existing products are sold in new markets. * It is appealing because: market penetration is difficult in saturated markets. product development is costly. diversification is risky Why enter overseas markets? The reasons for entering overseas markets can be categorised into â€Å"push† and â€Å"pull† factors: Push factors * Saturation in domestic markets * Economic difficulty in domestic markets * Near the end of the product life cycle at home * Excess capacity * Risk diversification Pull factors * The attraction of overseas markets * Increase sales * Enjoy greater economies of scale * Extend the product life cycle * Exploit a competitive advantage * Personal ambition Factors in the choice of which overseas market(s) to enter: * Size of the market (population, income) * Economic factors (state of the economy) Cultural linguistic factors (e. g. preference for countries with similar cultural background) * Political stability (there is usually a preference for stable areas) * Technological factors (these affect demand and the ease of trading) Constraints and difficulties in entering overseas markets: * Resources * Time * Market uncertainty * Marketing costs * Cultural differen ces * Linguistic differences * Trade barriers * Regulations and administrative procedures. * Political uncertainties * Exchange rates (transactions costs risks) * Problems of financing * Working capital problems * Cost of insurance Distribution networks Exporting is only one method of doing business internationally * We normally think of overseas trade in terms of exporting and importing goods and services * This involves transporting goods and selling them across national boundaries. * Direct exporting implies that the domestic firm is actively involved in selling the goods abroad * Indirect exporting means that the marketing of goods is delegated to export agents and the UK manufacturer concentrates on production * But exporting involving the movement of goods is only one method of engaging in international business Other methods of market entry * Overseas product an/or assembly (producing goods abroad) * International alliances and joint ventures (working with foreign companies) * International MA (mergers and acquisitions across frontiers) * International franchising and licensing allowing foreign based firms to produce, market and distribute goods in specified areas abroad) A. Definition LOGISTICS IS THE ART AND SCIENCE OF MANAGEMENT, ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES CONCERNED WITH REQUIREMENTS, DESIGN AND SUPPLYING, MAINTAINING RESOURCES TO SUPPORT OBJECTIVES, PLANS AND OPERATION. SOCIETY OF LOGISTICS ENGINEERS (SOLE) 1974. Fierce competition in today’s market has forced business enterprises to invest in and focus on supply chains. The growth in telecommunication and transportation technologies has led to further growth of the supply chain. The supply chain, also known as the logistics network, consists of suppliers, manufacturing centers, warehouses, distribution centers and ret ail outlets, as well as raw materials, work-in-process inventory and finished products that flow between the facilities. The logistics management takes into consideration every facility that has an impact on cost. It plays an important role in making the product conform to customer requirements. Also it involves efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses and stores and encompasses the firms’ activities at many levels, from the strategic level through the tactical to the operational level. Logistics is a challenging and important activity because it serves as an integrating or boundary spanning function. It links suppliers with customers and it integrates functional entities across a company. With the ever-growing competition in today’s market place it becomes necessary for a firm to use its resources to focus on strategic opportunities. This includes several internal factors like management style, culture, human resources, facilities and several external factors like technology, globalization and competition. This is where the concept of logistics plays a major role, i. e. it helps to leverage certain advantages the firm has in the marketplace. B. Role of Logistics Lets us now have a look at how logistics works. It is important to recognize the importance of a dynamic balance between the minute details and the main elements involved in a product. The Role of Logistics is to maintain that balance. Once the firm realizes the importance of logistics it is necessary that the firm make full and efficient use of logistics. The first step is to create a buyer value for the customer and a strategic value for the firm. The customer is the most important asset for a company. He drives the entire supply chain including manufacturing, marketing and logistics. Hence it is important for a firm to have a clear understanding of what the customer demands and to keep up to the customers expectations. Once a company has a clear understanding of its customer’s requirements it must device a strategy on how to use logistics to achieve it. This means that the company has to have a clear understanding or assessment of company’s strategic direction. Now lets take a look at the various steps involved in a logistics strategy development and planning process. Visioning: this includes the systematic development of an organizational consensus regarding the key inputs to the logistics planning process as well as identification of the potential alternative logistics approaches. This is an important step for the following reasons: * Helps to define a strategic direction to the company and also to get a clear understanding the role of logistics in it. * Get a clear idea of the requirements of the various segments of customers. * Have a look at the various factors that would affect the strategy of the company. * Define alternative strategies and also the scope of the planning effort. Strategic analysis: this involves taking a look at the various components involved in the process and selecting the best logistics process among the alternatives. These components, which are to be reviewed, are revealed during he first step. This may include revamping the entire process to assessing how a single component can be used more effectively. Planning: this involves the assembling of a plan that outlines the mission and goals for the logistics function and the programs and activities to achieve these goals. Logistics planning is an iterative process. The plans have to be redefined every year to improve the quality of performance. Managing change: this involves effective management to implement enhanced ways of conducting business. The management should keeping changing the plans in accordance with the change in the market and also coach the organization to effectively embrace this change. C. Current Logistics Related Issues There are several factors that affect logistics. These issues need to be anticipated, prepared for and taken advantage of for a company to be successful in today’s market. They are External: * Globalisation * Technology Workforce 2000 * challenging nature of the work force * Environmental concerns Internal: * Customer service and quality * Third party networks * Supply chain management * Changes in management and organization style Listed below are some of the steps that could be followed to mitigate the above mentioned issues: Performance: * Better service for customers * Improved productivity * Assess just in time and quick response needs System structure: * Better relationship with vendors, customers and third parties to more effectively manage the supply chain * Better relationship within and across the organization Technology integration: * Better information systems that connect functions and organizations * Combine information and material handling systems for increased efficiency and effectiveness. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY * To study the performance of LOGISTICS process. . * To know about the marketing techniques and promotion measures. * To understand the overall functioning of all the various departments. AS A INTERNEE I did my Internship training at SAGAR LOGISTICS PVT. LTD. I had a very good experience observing and working with various departments of SAGAR. COMPANY PROFILE SAGAR shipping was started in the year 1987 at Willington Island, Kochi, Kerala to provide professionalized service in the area of clearing and forwarding. This is our Silver Jubilee year. OUR LEADER MISSIONARY : Mr. V. S Pradeep is the founder of this organization and is the chief executive officer. Amongst the many laurels that adorn his professional cap the following needs special mention. President Cochin Customs Agent Association (1999-2001) Director Indian Chamber of Commerce Industry (Two terms) Trustee Cochin port (2000-2002) OUR MISSION : Our mission is to provide a personalized touch to the professional service of Clearing Forwarding by finding the right person for the right job and by ensuring the right job for the right person. It is our Endeavour to translate our years of experience, competence and goodwill to cater to the stringent demands of changing times. We take pride in building long term relationships and quality service with uncompromising thoroughness, integrity, confidentiality and timely delivery. We take time to listen, understand and match the needs of our clients. OUR ETHICS : We are a value based organization. We conduct reference checks before our service is offered. We ensure confidentiality to our clients. OUR SERVICES : * Custom Clearing forwarding * Baggage clearance * Packing * Freight forwarding * Warehousing * Transporting Packing and Warehousing The packing of the goods for export is a complex task to ensure goods are protected against the risks involved in their handling and the modes of transportation being used. Consideration needs to be given to the climates and terrain of the countries through which the consignments will be travelling. Too much heavy packing could prove costly for goods travelling by air, for example. On the other hand, too little packing might prove a false economy. Many forwarders provide a packing service for their customers, and the forwarder’s expertise . . Who are Freight Forwarders? The different types of freight forwarding companies can be broadly divided into three categories: Local companies These are generally small single office companies which tend to deal with customers in the local area, or operate at a seaport or airport concentrating on particular types of traffic. National companies Many forwarders have offices in the major ports and airports throughout the country as well as in the largest industrial towns. They may also have warehousing or handling depots from where they operate their own services. Such companies will often have agents or correspondents overseas in the markets with which they operate. International companies The truly international company will have its own offices overseas and offer a wide range of worldwide services. Import Procedures Procedures have to be followed by ‘person-in-charge of conveyance’ as well as the importer. WHO IS PERSON IN CHARGE As per section 2(31), person in charge means (a) In case of vessel – its master (b) In case of aircraft its commander or pilot-in-charge (c) In case of train its conductor or guard and (d) In case of vehicle or other conveyance its driver or other person in charge. The significance of this definition is He is responsible for submitting Import Manifest and Export Manifest He is responsible to ensure that the conveyance comes through approved route and lands at approved place only. He has to ensure that goods are unloaded after written order, at proper place. Loading also has to be only after permission. He has to ensure that conveyance does not leave without written order of Customs authorities. He can be penalised for (a) Giving false declaration and statement (b) shortages or non-accounting of goods in conveyance Procedure by Importer The importer importing the goods has to follow prescribed procedures for import by ship/air/road. (There is separate procedure for goods imported as a baggage or by post. ) Bill of Entry This is a very vital and important document which every importer has to submit under section 46. The Bill of Entry should be in prescribed form. The standard size of Bill of Entry is 16 ? 13. However, for computerisation purposes, 15 ? 12 size is permitted. (Mumbai Customs Public Notice No. 142/93 dated 3-11- 93). Bill of Entry should be submitted in quadruplicate – original and duplicate for customs, triplicate for the importer and fourth copy is meant for bank for making remittances. Under EDI system, Bill of Entry is actually printed on computer in triplicate only after ‘out of charge’ order is given. Duplicate copy is given to importer. Types of Bill of Entry Bills of Entry should be of one of three types. Out of these, two types are for clearance from customs while third is for clearance from warehouse. ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED DEPARTMENT Sea Freight Forwarding : services are offered irrespective of the nature of business i. e. export or import . Through our ocean Freight Forwarding Services, we handle general, project as well as stock shipments at the quickest pace. We ensure dry area for the proper placement of the arrived shipment at all the sea ports. Being a reliable Sea Freight Forwarder we also offer LCL and FCL consolidation . We also have support of order follow up and supply chain tracking system. Air Freight Forwarding : Service are the first of all quick and then very safe . The services of International Air Freight Forwarding include door to door service of pick up , custom clearance , delivery on the desired destination . Besides, we also pick up the cargo from the clients end . We promptly notify the consignee about the arrival of the shipment and delivery instruction . Besides, we are a trusted Air Freight Forwarder in India. The company offers gamut of Import and Export Services in the industry . We are reckoned as one of the leading Import Export agents in India. Our range of services in this category includes custom duty clearance , providing required bills and certificates, certified survey and compliances , third party inspection, transportation, warehousing and logistics solution and so on . Counted among the prominent import Export Agents in India, we take every measure to serve the clients in the most professional manner so that they get maximum satisfaction meeting their end vision. SAGAR logistics is specialized in offering highly reliable Custom Clearance Services in the industry. We are counted among the best Custom Clearing Agents in India. We extend our services for the hassle free transaction of shipments of the clients in almost all the customs houses in India. Our team of professionals is proficient in the complex documentation process of custom clearance . We take every care for the timely clearance of the goods from the ports or custom house through our Custom Clearance Services OUT COME OF THE INTERNSHIP Got to observe the various departments as an whole but not in detail Learned new things concerning the procedures of import and export Got a chance to interact with people around 5. 2 CONCLUSION Logistics is the one important function in business today. No marketing, manufacturing or project execution can succeed without logistics support. Logistics is important in India because of the country’s size, geography, population variety, natural and man-made calamities etc. The transport facilities are inadequate in India and roads are bad. India lacks a well-developed road network and waterways are still unexploited. Due to competition, globalization and information availability, logistics has gained extra importance. First: the days are gone when a manufacturer had a better raw material supplier than competitors. Then, the operations in a manufacturing process are well known to all. The processes are more or less standard. Also, technology is available to all. The only area where one can score over competitors is logistics. If logistics cost is reduced, there is a gain. . .

Osmosis Definition in Chemistry and Biology

Osmosis Definition in Chemistry and Biology Two important mass transport processes in chemistry and biology are diffusion and osmosis. Osmosis Definition Osmosis is the process where solvent molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution (which becomes more dilute). In most cases, the solvent is water. However, the solvent may be another liquid or even a gas. Osmosis can be made to do work. History The phenomenon of osmosis was first documents in 1748 by Jean-Antoine Nollet. The term osmosis was coined by French physician  Renà © Joachim Henri Dutrochet, who derived it from the terms endosmose and exosmose. How Osmosis Works Osmosis acts to equalize concentration on both sides of a membrane. Since the solute particles are incapable of crossing the membrane, its the water (or other solvent) that needs to move. The closer the system gets to equilibrium, the more stable it becomes, so osmosis is thermodynamically favorable. Example of Osmosis A good example of osmosis is seen when red blood cells are placed into fresh water. The cell membrane of the red blood cells is a semipermeable membrane. The concentration of ions and other solute molecules is higher inside the cell than outside it, so water moves into the cell via osmosis. This causes the cells to swell. Since the concentration cannot reach equilibrium, the amount of water that can move into the cell is moderated by the pressure of the cell membrane acting on the contents of the cell. Often, the cell takes in more water than the membrane can sustain, causing the cell to burst. A related term is osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is the external pressure that would need to be applied such that there would be no net movement of solvent across a membrane.

Comparison My Uncle Thomas and Theseus Research Paper - 1

Comparison My Uncle Thomas and Theseus - Research Paper Example My uncle Thomas is my real life hero. He is my mothers’ cousin and when he was young, there were several problems, he had to overcome. His father had to work far from his family in another country. Being the first son of the family, uncle Thomas, had to protect his family when the father was away. Later after his father came back and got a good position, Thomas has got great opportunities, he studied in the University and finally occupied a very good position in the local bank. Now he is the head of the office, moreover, he has his own business. Uncle Thomas has a good family, he a loving father and husband, at the same time he is a good specialist and has many friends. The paper talks about two bright personalities giving a comparative analysis between the two, in character attributes (â€Å"Greek Myths & Greek Mythology† Web). When Theseus gives out himself to go out and be sacrificed to the Minotaur monster, meets the daughter of the powerful leader who had threatened to destroy Athens if no young men are sacrificed to Minotaur. The paper talks about two sons of influential societal leaders giving a comparative analysis between the two, in character traits. Uncle Thomas, the real-life hero, overcame a monster of poverty and many difficulties he faced in his childhood when his father had to leave the family for a while. He made many friends among the enemies and acquired so much love and respect from them. Theseus also overcame the greatest threat- Minotaur that was unsettling his father’s peaceful rule. His father would forever be on the threat if this beast did not get killed.